Epidemiology Prevention
Occupational burns are work-related thermal, electrical, and chemical injuries concentrated in young working-age men in manufacturing, construction, utility, and food-service trades. Most are small but a high-cost minority drive amputation, prolonged disability, and lost work…
Pediatric burns are a major global injury burden, concentrated in children under five, in whom scalds dominate. Incidence and lethality fall heaviest on low- and middle-income countries. Most pediatric burns are preventable: passive engineering controls such as thermostatic…
Burn injury in the US concentrates at roughly 125 self-reported burn centers, approximately 40% ABA-verified, with mortality strongly driven by age, TBSA, and inhalation injury. National Burn Repository and BCQP registry data anchor benchmarking and risk-adjustment; outcomes…
Burns span flame, scald, contact, chemical, electrical, lightning, and radiation mechanisms, each with distinct energy-transfer physics. Roughly 180,000 deaths annually, 95% in LMICs. Prevention dominates outcome. Cool running water for 20 minutes is the best-supported thermal…
- Burn first aid and initial pre-hospital management
First aid and pre-hospital care set the trajectory of a burn before any surgeon sees it. The load-bearing intervention is 20 minutes of cool running water within the first 3 hours, which the…
- Burn Prevention Education Programs
Burns are largely preventable, yet most occur at home and the majority of fire-related deaths fall on low- and middle-income countries. Prevention programs span smoke-alarm distribution…
- Chemical burn injury mechanisms and causative agents (alkalis, acids, caustics)
Chemical burns are tissue injury from contact with corrosive substances. Alkalis cause deep, progressive liquefactive necrosis; acids coagulate proteins and form a self-limiting eschar. They are a…
- Electrical burn injury mechanisms and biophysics (low- vs high-voltage)
Electrical injury is multisystem trauma in which electric energy becomes tissue damage, chiefly by Joule heating and, at high voltage, also by cell-membrane electroporation and electroconformational…
- Hydrofluoric acid burn management
Hydrofluoric acid is a corrosive inorganic acid whose freely dissociable fluoride ion penetrates skin to chelate calcium and magnesium, producing deep liquefactive necrosis, severe pain out of…